The undoped and various magnesium (Mg) doped cadmium oxide (CdO) thin films were synthesized by spray pyrolysis technique. Structural, optical and morphological examinations of the samples were carried out via various instruments. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopic measurements of the samples were performed to obtain structural properties. Ultraviolet (UV)-visible and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy measurements as well as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to characterize optical and morphological properties of the undoped and Mg doped CdO thin film. XRD measurements revealed that both the undoped and Mg doped CdO thin films demonstrated a cubic structure and had preferential orientations along the (200) plane. In the Raman spectrum, it was observed that the peak (266 cm-1) of the first peak belonging to the CdO thin film disappeared and the second main peak (908 cm-1) shifted to higher energies with the Mg dopant. As a result of the absorbance measurements, the band range of the samples showed a shift of the band gap from 2.15 eV to 2.43 eV with the Mg dopant, and the Burstein-Moss effect indicated a shift to gray scale and decreased from 67% to 59% in transmittance measurements. The PL results exhibited that both the undoped and Mg doped CdO thin films had a UV emission of 394 nm (3.15 eV), blue emission of 434 nm (2.86 eV), blue-yellow emission of 540 nm (2.30 eV), 735 nm (1.69 eV) and emission of 782 nm (1.59 eV). The SEM measurements indicated that the CdO thin films changed from pyramidal structures to random shape with Mg dopant. © 2018 IOP Publishing Ltd.

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In this study, undoped and 0.3%, 1.7% and 4.5% Zn doped CdO thin films were grown by successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method on the soda lime glass substrate at room temperature. X-ray diffractometer (XRD), ultraviolet–visible spectrometer, scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman and Photoluminescence (PL) spectrometer measurements of the samples were taken to observe how the Zn doping effects on the structural, optical and morphological properties of CdO. XRD measurements show that the samples have the cubic structure. It was observed that calculated by the absorption measurements band gaps varied from 1.62 eV to 2.66 eV with changing Zn dopant in the CdO structure. It was observed that the samples surface morphologies were affected by Zn-doping and its rate. The Raman spectra of undoped and Zn doped CdO thin films were observed that 288 cm−1, 557 cm−1, 937 cm−1. The PL spectrum showed that the PL intensity increases with Zn doping in CdO. The PL spectra showed that Zn ions were located in the structure of CdO. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.

Ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury which causes kidney dysfunction is one of the most studied diseases directly linked to oxidative stress. In this regard, it is important to protect cells against damage by inducing antioxidant response. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the therapeutic roles and possible mechanisms of propolis and boric acid in kidney I/R injury based on relevant basic research and clinical studies. Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 50 min of ischemia followed by 3 h of reperfusion. Animals were randomly divided into a control group (the abdominal wall was just opened and closed), an I/R injury group, the propolis intervention group (200 mg/kg, intragastric administration, 1 h before ischemia), boric acid intervention group (14 mg/kg, intragastric administration 1 h before ischemia), and the propolis + boric acid intervention group (intragastric administration 1 h before ischemia). Kidney function, the antioxidant defensive system, and renal damage were assessed. In addition, the oxidative stress and inflammatory status were estimated in renal tissue. Furthermore, DNA damageand apoptosis were detected by immunohistochemistry. When compared with I/R group, propolis alone and especially propolis + boric acid groups significantly improved functional parameters. While the antioxidant response was increased, renal injury size and apoptosis were significantly decreased in both groups. Also, the MDA and TNF-α levels besides the 8-OHdG formation were downregulated. According to these outcomes, it can be said that especially propolis together with boric acid ameliorates kidney injury caused by I/R through acting as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic agent. In conclusion, propolis alone and its combination with boric acid could be developed as therapeutic agents against serious renal I/R injuries. © 2019, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.